Is Spain More Efficient Than the Other Countries of EU-28? Searching the Answer Through DEA and Malmquist Index

The European Union is one of the blocks of countries in the world that is doing more in the fight against climate change and therefore it has opted to promote the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper we analyze Natural and Managerial efficiency of the 28 countries of EU from 2005 to 2013. For this purpose the Malmquist index (MI) has been used, considering crosses on the efficiency frontiers between years and using windows of two years. As input variables, gross capital formation (GCF), final energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and employment have been used. Gross domestic product (GDP) has been taken as desirable output and greenhouse gas emissions as undesirable output. The obtained results indicate that Spain has a similar behavior to the countries that have more time in the EU, both in terms of Managerial efficiency and Natural efficiency.